/* ================================================================
   ESES — Professional Academic Society Stylesheet
   Inspired by IEEE, ACM, Springer institutional design
   ================================================================ */

/* ---------- CSS Variables ---------- */
:root {
    --primary:      #003366;   /* Deep IEEE navy                */
    --primary-lt:   #1a4d8a;   /* Lighter navy for hover        */
    --accent:       #b8860b;   /* Academic gold                 */
    --accent-lt:    #d4a520;   /* Lighter gold                  */
    --secondary:    #0066a1;   /* Research blue                 */
    --red:          #c0392b;   /* Alert / rejection             */
    --text:         #1c2331;   /* Near-black body text          */
    --text-muted:   #566573;   /* Secondary text                */
    --white:        #ffffff;
    --light-bg:     #f4f6f9;   /* Page section background       */
    --card-bg:      #ffffff;
    --dark-bg:      #0a1628;   /* Footer                        */
    --border:       #dde3ea;
    --shadow-xs:    0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.07);
    --shadow-sm:    0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.09);
    --shadow-md:    0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.12);
    --shadow-lg:    0 14px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.15);
    --radius:       6px;
    --radius-lg:    10px;
    --transition:   all .25s ease;
    --font-serif:   'Merriweather', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
    --font-sans:    'Source Sans 3', 'Segoe UI', system-ui, sans-serif;
}

/* ---------- Base ---------- */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

body {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    color: var(--text);
    background: var(--white);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.75;
}
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
a { color: var(--secondary); text-decoration: none; transition: var(--transition); }
a:hover { color: var(--primary); }

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 { font-family: var(--font-serif); }

/* ---------- Institutional Top Bar ---------- */
.inst-topbar {
    background: var(--primary);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,.8);
    font-size: .78rem;
    padding: 5px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);
    letter-spacing: .2px;
}
.inst-topbar a { color: rgba(255,255,255,.75); }
.inst-topbar a:hover { color: #fff; }
.inst-topbar .tb-inner {
    display: flex; justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px;
}
.inst-topbar .tb-links { display: flex; gap: 18px; align-items: center; }
.inst-topbar .tb-links i { margin-right: 5px; }
.inst-topbar .issn-tag {
    background: var(--accent); color: #fff;
    padding: 2px 10px; border-radius: 3px;
    font-weight: 700; font-size: .72rem;
    letter-spacing: .8px;
}

/* ---------- Society Header Row ---------- */
.society-header {
    background: var(--white);
    border-bottom: 3px solid var(--primary);
    padding: 14px 0;
}
.society-header .sh-inner {
    display: flex; align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.society-header .sh-brand {
    display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 16px; text-decoration: none;
}
.society-header .sh-logo {
    height: 70px; width: 70px;
    object-fit: contain; flex-shrink: 0;
}
.society-header .sh-name-block { line-height: 1.25; }
.society-header .sh-name {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary); display: block;
    text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .4px;
}
.society-header .sh-sub {
    font-size: .78rem; color: var(--text-muted);
    display: block; margin-top: 2px;
}
.society-header .sh-journal {
    text-align: right; border-left: 2px solid var(--border);
    padding-left: 20px; margin-left: 12px;
}
.society-header .sh-journal .journal-name {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: .88rem; font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary); display: block;
}
.society-header .sh-journal .journal-meta {
    font-size: .74rem; color: var(--text-muted);
    display: block; margin-top: 2px;
}
.society-header .sh-journal .btn-cfp {
    display: inline-block; margin-top: 6px;
    background: var(--accent); color: #fff;
    padding: 4px 14px; border-radius: 3px;
    font-size: .75rem; font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .4px; text-transform: uppercase;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.society-header .sh-journal .btn-cfp:hover { background: var(--primary); color: #fff; }

/* ---------- Navigation ---------- */
.navbar-main {
    background: var(--primary);
    padding: 0;
    position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1030;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.navbar-main .navbar-toggler {
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);
    padding: 6px 10px;
}
.navbar-main .navbar-toggler-icon {
    filter: invert(1);
}
.navbar-main .nav-link {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,.85) !important;
    font-size: .84rem; font-weight: 500;
    padding: 14px 15px !important;
    letter-spacing: .2px;
    border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.navbar-main .nav-link:hover,
.navbar-main .nav-link.active {
    color: #fff !important;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.08);
    border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
}
.navbar-main .dropdown-menu {
    background: var(--white); border: none;
    border-top: 3px solid var(--accent);
    border-radius: 0 0 var(--radius) var(--radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    margin-top: 0; padding: 4px 0;
    min-width: 200px;
}
.navbar-main .dropdown-item {
    font-size: .85rem; padding: 9px 18px;
    color: var(--text); transition: var(--transition);
    border-left: 3px solid transparent;
}
.navbar-main .dropdown-item:hover {
    background: var(--light-bg); color: var(--primary);
    border-left-color: var(--accent);
}
.navbar-main .btn-submit {
    background: var(--accent) !important;
    color: #fff !important;
    border-radius: 3px !important;
    padding: 8px 18px !important;
    font-size: .82rem !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    margin-left: 6px;
    text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .4px;
    border-bottom: none !important;
}
.navbar-main .btn-submit:hover { background: var(--accent-lt) !important; }

/* ---------- News Ticker ---------- */
.news-ticker {
    background: var(--light-bg);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    padding: 8px 0; overflow: hidden;
    font-size: .84rem;
}
.ticker-wrap { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; }
.ticker-label {
    background: var(--primary); color: #fff;
    font-weight: 700; padding: 3px 14px;
    border-radius: 3px; white-space: nowrap;
    font-size: .73rem; letter-spacing: .7px;
    text-transform: uppercase; flex-shrink: 0;
}
.ticker-track { overflow: hidden; flex: 1; }
.ticker-inner {
    display: flex; gap: 50px;
    white-space: nowrap;
    animation: ticker-scroll 32s linear infinite;
}
.ticker-inner:hover { animation-play-state: paused; }
.ticker-item { font-size: .84rem; color: var(--text-muted); }
.ticker-item a { color: var(--primary); font-weight: 500; }
.ticker-item a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; }
@keyframes ticker-scroll {
    0%   { transform: translateX(0); }
    100% { transform: translateX(-50%); }
}

/* ---------- Page Banner ---------- */
.page-banner { position: relative; height: 200px; overflow: hidden; }
.page-banner img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.page-banner .banner-overlay {
    position: absolute; inset: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(0,51,102,.82),rgba(0,102,161,.6));
    display: flex; align-items: center;
}
.banner-title {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    color: #fff; font-size: 1.9rem; font-weight: 700;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
}
.banner-breadcrumb { color: rgba(255,255,255,.75); font-size: .82rem; }

/* ---------- Section Headings ---------- */
.section-title { text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.5rem; }
.section-title h2 {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: 1.75rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--primary);
    position: relative; display: inline-block; padding-bottom: 14px;
}
.section-title h2::after {
    content: ''; position: absolute;
    bottom: 0; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%);
    width: 50px; height: 3px;
    background: var(--accent); border-radius: 2px;
}
.section-title p { color: var(--text-muted); max-width: 620px; margin: 12px auto 0; font-size: .95rem; }

/* ---------- Pillar Cards (Homepage) ---------- */
.pillar-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-top: 4px solid var(--primary);
    border-radius: 0 0 var(--radius) var(--radius);
    padding: 1.8rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
    height: 100%;
}
.pillar-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    border-top-color: var(--accent);
    transform: translateY(-4px);
}
.pillar-card .pillar-icon {
    width: 48px; height: 48px;
    border: 2px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    font-size: 1.2rem; color: var(--primary);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.pillar-card h5 {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: 1.05rem; color: var(--primary);
    margin-bottom: .6rem;
}
.pillar-card p { color: var(--text-muted); font-size: .9rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.pillar-card .read-more {
    color: var(--secondary); font-size: .85rem;
    font-weight: 600; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px;
}
.pillar-card .read-more:hover { color: var(--accent); gap: 7px; }

/* ---------- Journal Volume Cards ---------- */
.vol-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    display: flex; align-items: stretch;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: var(--transition);
    margin-bottom: .9rem;
}
.vol-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); border-color: var(--secondary); }
.vol-card .vol-spine {
    width: 8px; background: var(--primary); flex-shrink: 0;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.vol-card:hover .vol-spine { background: var(--accent); }
.vol-card .vol-body {
    padding: 1.1rem 1.3rem;
    display: flex; align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; flex: 1;
}
.vol-card .vol-meta { font-size: .76rem; color: var(--text-muted); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .5px; }
.vol-card .vol-title { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; color: var(--primary); font-size: .97rem; margin-top: 2px; }
.vol-card .btn-view {
    background: var(--primary); color: #fff;
    border-radius: 3px; padding: 6px 16px;
    font-size: .8rem; white-space: nowrap; flex-shrink: 0;
    font-weight: 600; transition: var(--transition);
}
.vol-card .btn-view:hover { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; }

/* ---------- Academic Paper Citation ---------- */
.paper-citation {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--primary);
    border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
    padding: 1.2rem 1.4rem;
    margin-bottom: .9rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.paper-citation:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); border-left-color: var(--accent); }
.paper-citation .paper-num {
    display: inline-block; background: var(--light-bg);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    color: var(--text-muted); font-size: .75rem;
    padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 3px;
    font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: .5rem;
}
.paper-citation .paper-title {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-weight: 700; color: var(--primary);
    font-size: .97rem; line-height: 1.45;
    display: block; margin-bottom: .4rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.paper-citation .paper-title:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.paper-citation .paper-authors {
    font-size: .83rem; color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: .3rem;
}
.paper-citation .paper-authors strong { color: var(--text); }
.paper-citation .btn-pdf {
    display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px;
    background: var(--light-bg); color: var(--primary);
    border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 3px;
    padding: 5px 14px; font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 600;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.paper-citation .btn-pdf:hover { background: var(--primary); color: #fff; border-color: var(--primary); }

/* ---------- Research Topics (scope) ---------- */
.scope-chip {
    display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
    background: var(--light-bg); border: 1px solid var(--border);
    color: var(--primary); padding: 6px 14px;
    border-radius: 3px; font-size: .83rem;
    font-weight: 500; margin: 4px;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.scope-chip:hover { background: var(--primary); color: #fff; border-color: var(--primary); }
.scope-chip i { color: var(--accent); font-size: .7rem; }
.scope-chip:hover i { color: var(--accent-lt); }

/* ---------- Metrics Row ---------- */
.metric-box {
    text-align: center; padding: 1.8rem 1rem;
    border-right: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);
}
.metric-box:last-child { border-right: none; }
.metric-box .metric-num {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: 2.8rem; font-weight: 700; color: #fff; line-height: 1;
}
.metric-box .metric-label {
    font-size: .78rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.7);
    text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px;
    margin-top: .5rem;
}
.metric-box .metric-icon { font-size: 1.6rem; color: var(--accent); margin-bottom: .5rem; }

/* ---------- Executive / Editorial Board ---------- */
.ed-card {
    background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden;
    transition: var(--transition); height: 100%;
}
.ed-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }
.ed-card .ed-header {
    background: var(--primary); padding: 1.5rem 1rem 1rem; text-align: center;
}
.ed-avatar {
    width: 72px; height: 72px; border-radius: 50%;
    object-fit: cover; border: 3px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);
    margin: 0 auto .5rem; display: block;
}
.ed-name { color: #fff; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: .95rem; }
.ed-role { color: rgba(255,255,255,.75); font-size: .78rem; }
.ed-body { padding: 1rem; }
.ed-detail { font-size: .83rem; color: var(--text-muted); margin-bottom: .35rem; display: flex; gap: 7px; align-items: flex-start; }
.ed-detail i { color: var(--secondary); margin-top: 3px; flex-shrink: 0; }
.ed-card .btn-profile {
    display: block; text-align: center;
    background: var(--light-bg); color: var(--primary);
    font-weight: 600; font-size: .82rem;
    padding: 8px; border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.ed-card .btn-profile:hover { background: var(--primary); color: #fff; }

/* ---------- Notification items ---------- */
.notif-card {
    background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--primary);
    border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
    padding: 1.1rem 1.3rem; margin-bottom: .9rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.notif-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); }
.notif-card .notif-title { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; color: var(--primary); font-size: .97rem; }
.notif-card .notif-date { font-size: .78rem; color: var(--text-muted); margin-top: 3px; }
.notif-card .notif-body { font-size: .9rem; color: var(--text-muted); margin-top: .6rem; line-height: 1.7; }

/* ---------- Contact ---------- */
.contact-wrapper { border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius-lg); overflow: hidden; box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); }
.contact-info-panel { background: var(--primary); color: #fff; padding: 2.2rem; }
.contact-info-panel h4 { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.ci-item { display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-bottom: 1.2rem; align-items: flex-start; }
.ci-item i { font-size: 1rem; margin-top: 4px; color: var(--accent); }
.ci-item p { margin: 0; font-size: .88rem; opacity: .85; }
.contact-form-panel { background: var(--white); padding: 2.2rem; }
.contact-form-panel .form-label { font-weight: 600; font-size: .86rem; color: var(--text); }
.contact-form-panel .form-control {
    border: 1.5px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 9px 13px; font-size: .9rem; transition: var(--transition);
}
.contact-form-panel .form-control:focus { border-color: var(--primary); box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0,51,102,.1); }

/* ---------- Buttons ---------- */
.btn-primary-main {
    background: var(--primary); color: #fff;
    border: none; border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 10px 24px; font-weight: 700;
    font-size: .88rem; display: inline-block;
    transition: var(--transition); cursor: pointer;
    text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .4px;
}
.btn-primary-main:hover { background: var(--primary-lt); color: #fff; }

.btn-accent-main {
    background: var(--accent); color: #fff;
    border: none; border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 10px 24px; font-weight: 700;
    font-size: .88rem; display: inline-block;
    transition: var(--transition); cursor: pointer;
    text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .4px;
}
.btn-accent-main:hover { background: var(--accent-lt); color: #fff; }

.btn-outline-main {
    border: 2px solid var(--primary); color: var(--primary);
    background: transparent; border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 8px 22px; font-weight: 700;
    font-size: .88rem; display: inline-block;
    transition: var(--transition); cursor: pointer;
    text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .4px;
}
.btn-outline-main:hover { background: var(--primary); color: #fff; }

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
.footer-main {
    background: var(--dark-bg); color: rgba(255,255,255,.65);
    padding-top: 3rem;
}
.footer-main h5 {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    color: #fff; font-size: .92rem; font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem; padding-bottom: 9px;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent);
    display: inline-block;
}
.footer-main ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.footer-main ul li { margin-bottom: 8px; }
.footer-main ul li a {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,.6); font-size: .86rem;
    display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.footer-main ul li a i { color: var(--accent); font-size: .7rem; }
.footer-main ul li a:hover { color: #fff; padding-left: 3px; }
.footer-contact-item { display: flex; gap: 11px; margin-bottom: 1rem; align-items: flex-start; }
.footer-contact-item i { color: var(--accent); margin-top: 4px; flex-shrink: 0; }
.footer-contact-item span { font-size: .86rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.65); }
.footer-social { display: flex; gap: 8px; margin-top: 1rem; }
.footer-social a {
    width: 34px; height: 34px; border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.07); color: rgba(255,255,255,.7);
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    font-size: .9rem; transition: var(--transition);
}
.footer-social a:hover { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; transform: translateY(-2px); }
.footer-bottom {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08);
    padding: 1.1rem 0; margin-top: 2.5rem;
    font-size: .79rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.4);
}
.footer-bottom a { color: rgba(255,255,255,.5); }
.footer-bottom a:hover { color: #fff; }
.footer-issn {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.05); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);
    border-radius: var(--radius); padding: .6rem 1rem;
    font-size: .8rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.6); margin-top: .8rem;
}
.footer-issn strong { color: var(--accent); }

/* ---------- Navbar scrolled state ---------- */
.navbar-main.scrolled { box-shadow: 0 3px 14px rgba(0,0,0,.28); }

/* ---------- Scroll to top ---------- */
#scrollTop {
    position: fixed; bottom: 24px; right: 24px;
    width: 40px; height: 40px;
    background: var(--primary); color: #fff;
    border: none; border-radius: 3px;
    display: none; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    font-size: .95rem; cursor: pointer;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); transition: var(--transition); z-index: 9999;
}
#scrollTop:hover { background: var(--accent); }
#scrollTop.visible { display: flex; }

/* ---------- Gallery ---------- */
.gallery-item {
    border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xs); transition: var(--transition);
    aspect-ratio: 4/3; display: block;
}
.gallery-item img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transition: transform .4s ease; }
.gallery-item:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }
.gallery-item:hover img { transform: scale(1.05); }

/* ---------- Profile page ---------- */
.profile-detail-chip {
    background: var(--light-bg); border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius); padding: .85rem 1rem;
}
.profile-detail-chip .chip-label {
    font-size: .73rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .5px;
    color: var(--text-muted); margin-bottom: .25rem;
}
.profile-detail-chip .chip-value { font-weight: 700; color: var(--primary); }

/* ---------- Utilities ---------- */
.bg-light-eses   { background: var(--light-bg); }
.section-pad     { padding: 4.5rem 0; }
.section-pad-sm  { padding: 2.5rem 0; }
.text-serif      { font-family: var(--font-serif); }
.text-accent     { color: var(--accent) !important; }
.divider-accent  { width: 48px; height: 3px; background: var(--accent); border-radius: 2px; margin: 12px 0; }

/* ---------- Society Header (institutional row 2) ---------- */
.society-header {
    background: var(--white);
    border-bottom: 3px solid var(--primary);
    padding: 12px 0;
}
.society-logo { height: 64px; width: 64px; object-fit: contain; flex-shrink: 0; }
.society-name {
    font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary); display: block;
    text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .5px;
}
.society-sub { font-size: .77rem; color: var(--text-muted); display: block; margin-top: 2px; }
.ijear-badge {
    text-align: right; border-left: 2px solid var(--border);
    padding-left: 20px; flex-shrink: 0;
}
.ijear-badge-title {
    font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 900;
    color: var(--primary); letter-spacing: 1px;
}
.ijear-badge-sub { font-size: .74rem; color: var(--text-muted); }
.issn-pill {
    background: var(--accent); color: #fff;
    padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 3px;
    font-weight: 700; font-size: .72rem; letter-spacing: .8px;
    display: inline-block;
}
.cfp-btn {
    display: inline-block; background: var(--primary); color: #fff;
    padding: 5px 14px; border-radius: 3px; font-size: .76rem;
    font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .4px; text-transform: uppercase;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.cfp-btn:hover { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; }
.nav-submit-btn {
    background: var(--accent); color: #fff;
    border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 18px;
    font-size: .82rem; font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .4px; text-transform: uppercase;
    transition: var(--transition); white-space: nowrap;
}
.nav-submit-btn:hover { background: var(--accent-lt); color: #fff; }

/* ---------- Vol-card full (with spine text) ---------- */
.vol-card .vol-spine {
    width: 52px !important; background: var(--primary); flex-shrink: 0;
    display: flex !important; flex-direction: column; align-items: center;
    justify-content: center; color: #fff; padding: .5rem .2rem;
    transition: var(--transition); text-align: center;
}
.vol-card:hover .vol-spine { background: var(--accent); }
.vol-card .vol-body {
    flex-direction: column !important; align-items: flex-start !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
}
.vol-spine-vol { font-size: .58rem; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .5px; opacity: .75; }
.vol-spine-num { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 900; line-height: 1; }
.vol-detail { font-size: .76rem; color: var(--text-muted); margin-top: 4px; }
.vol-cta {
    flex-shrink: 0; width: 80px;
    background: var(--light-bg); color: var(--primary);
    display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center;
    justify-content: center; text-align: center; font-size: .75rem;
    font-weight: 700; padding: 1rem .5rem;
    border-left: 1px solid var(--border); transition: var(--transition);
}
.vol-cta:hover { background: var(--primary); color: #fff; }

/* ---------- Paper citation (new class names) ---------- */
.paper-citation {
    background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--primary);
    border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
    padding: 1.2rem 1.4rem; margin-bottom: .9rem;
    display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 1rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.paper-citation:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); border-left-color: var(--accent); }
.paper-citation-num {
    width: 30px; height: 30px; border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: var(--light-bg); border: 1px solid var(--border);
    color: var(--text-muted); font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700;
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-shrink: 0;
}
.paper-citation-body { flex: 1; min-width: 0; }
.paper-citation-title {
    font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary); font-size: .96rem; line-height: 1.45;
    display: block; margin-bottom: .45rem; transition: var(--transition);
}
.paper-citation-title:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.paper-citation-meta {
    font-size: .8rem; color: var(--text-muted);
    display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; align-items: center;
}
.paper-citation-pdf {
    flex-shrink: 0; background: var(--light-bg); color: var(--primary);
    border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 8px 12px; font-size: .76rem; font-weight: 700;
    text-align: center; transition: var(--transition);
}
.paper-citation-pdf:hover { background: var(--primary); color: #fff; border-color: var(--primary); }

/* ---------- Scope chips on dark bg ---------- */
.scope-chip {
    display: inline-block; background: rgba(255,255,255,.1);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.2); color: rgba(255,255,255,.9);
    padding: 4px 12px; border-radius: 3px; font-size: .78rem;
    font-weight: 500; transition: var(--transition); cursor: default;
}
.scope-chip:hover { background: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); color: #fff; }
/* Light variant (on white bg) */
.scope-chip-sm {
    display: inline-block; background: var(--light-bg);
    border: 1px solid var(--border); color: var(--primary);
    padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 3px; font-size: .75rem;
    font-weight: 500; transition: var(--transition);
}
.scope-chip-sm:hover { background: var(--primary); color: #fff; border-color: var(--primary); }

/* ---------- Metric boxes (for dark section) ---------- */
.metric-box {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.06); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);
    border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.5rem 1rem; text-align: center;
}
.metric-box .metric-num {
    font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 2.6rem;
    font-weight: 700; color: #fff; line-height: 1;
}
.metric-box .metric-label {
    font-size: .74rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.65);
    text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px; margin-top: .5rem;
}

/* ---------- Footer ISSN block ---------- */
.footer-issn {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.05); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);
    border-radius: var(--radius); padding: .8rem 1rem; margin-top: 1rem;
}
.footer-issn-label { font-size: .65rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgba(255,255,255,.45); margin-bottom: .1rem; }
.footer-issn-title { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: .95rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--accent); }
.footer-issn-sub   { font-size: .75rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.55); line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 2px; }
.footer-issn-code  { font-size: .8rem; font-weight: 700; color: rgba(255,255,255,.7); margin-top: 4px; letter-spacing: .5px; }

/* ---------- Hero carousel overlay ---------- */
.carousel-overlay {
    position: absolute; inset: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0,20,50,.05), rgba(0,20,50,.35));
    pointer-events: none;
}

/* ---------- IJEAR info box (journal page) ---------- */
.ijear-info-box {
    background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-top: 4px solid var(--primary); border-radius: 0 0 var(--radius) var(--radius);
    padding: 1.6rem; box-shadow: var(--shadow-xs);
}
.issn-block {
    background: var(--primary); color: #fff;
    border-radius: var(--radius); padding: .8rem 1.2rem;
    text-align: center; min-width: 90px;
}
.btn-text-link {
    background: none; border: none; padding: 0;
    color: var(--secondary); font-size: .84rem;
    font-weight: 600; cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
}
.btn-text-link:hover { color: var(--accent); }

/* ---------- Exec card (kept for backwards compat) ---------- */
.exec-card {
    background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden;
    transition: var(--transition); height: 100%;
}
.exec-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }
.exec-head {
    background: var(--primary); padding: 1.5rem 1rem 1rem; text-align: center;
}
.exec-avatar {
    width: 72px; height: 72px; border-radius: 50%;
    object-fit: cover; border: 3px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);
    margin: 0 auto .5rem; display: block;
}
.exec-name { color: #fff; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: .95rem; }
.exec-desig { color: rgba(255,255,255,.75); font-size: .78rem; }
.exec-body { padding: 1rem; }
.exec-info { font-size: .83rem; color: var(--text-muted); margin-bottom: .35rem; display: flex; gap: 7px; align-items: flex-start; }
.exec-info i { color: var(--secondary); margin-top: 3px; flex-shrink: 0; }
.btn-profile {
    display: block; text-align: center;
    background: var(--light-bg); color: var(--primary);
    font-weight: 600; font-size: .82rem;
    padding: 8px; border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.btn-profile:hover { background: var(--primary); color: #fff; }

/* ---------- Info card (home) ---------- */
.info-card {
    background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-top: 4px solid var(--primary); border-radius: 0 0 var(--radius) var(--radius);
    padding: 1.8rem; transition: var(--transition); height: 100%;
}
.info-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); border-top-color: var(--accent); }
.info-card .card-icon {
    width: 48px; height: 48px; border: 2px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius); display: flex; align-items: center;
    justify-content: center; font-size: 1.2rem; color: var(--primary); margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.info-card h5 { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 1.05rem; color: var(--primary); margin-bottom: .6rem; }
.info-card p  { color: var(--text-muted); font-size: .9rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.info-card .read-more { color: var(--secondary); font-size: .85rem; font-weight: 600; }
.info-card .read-more:hover { color: var(--accent); }

/* ---------- Journal card (kept for compat) ---------- */
.journal-card {
    background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--primary); border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
    padding: 1rem 1.2rem; margin-bottom: .8rem;
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.journal-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); border-left-color: var(--accent); }
.j-meta { font-size: .75rem; color: var(--text-muted); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .4px; }
.j-title { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; color: var(--primary); font-size: .94rem; margin-top: 2px; }
.j-badge { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; border-radius: 3px; padding: 3px 10px; font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700; }
.btn-view {
    background: var(--primary); color: #fff; border-radius: 3px;
    padding: 6px 16px; font-size: .8rem; font-weight: 600; white-space: nowrap;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.btn-view:hover { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; }

/* ---------- ijear-strip ---------- */
.ijear-strip {
    background: var(--light-bg); border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--primary); border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
    padding: 1.3rem 1.5rem;
}
.ijear-strip h5 { font-family: var(--font-serif); color: var(--primary); font-size: 1rem; margin-bottom: .6rem; }
.ijear-strip p  { font-size: .9rem; color: var(--text-muted); margin: 0; }

/* ---------- Responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
    .navbar-main .nav-link { padding: 10px 14px !important; border-bottom: none; border-left: 3px solid transparent; }
    .navbar-main .nav-link.active { border-left-color: var(--accent); border-bottom: none; }
    .ijear-badge { display: none; }
    .metric-box { border-right: none; }
}
@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
    .inst-topbar .email-link { display: none !important; }
    .banner-title  { font-size: 1.4rem; }
    .section-pad   { padding: 3rem 0; }
    .footer-main   { text-align: center; }
    .footer-social { justify-content: center; }
    .footer-contact-item { justify-content: center; }
    .society-logo  { height: 48px; width: 48px; }
    .society-name  { font-size: .88rem; }
    .paper-citation { flex-wrap: wrap; }
    .paper-citation-pdf { width: 100%; text-align: center; }
    .vol-card .vol-spine { width: 36px; }
    .vol-spine-num { font-size: 1.1rem; }
    .vol-cta { width: 60px; font-size: .7rem; }
}